Lucy Johnson continues her adventures in wetland, this time in a Nottinghamshire variant on the theme: Attenborough Nature Reserve, with thoughts of St Aidan’s and Fairburn Ings in mind.

Fairburn Ings and St Aidan’s are among the most interesting places to visit along the Aire, as former coal mines which have been reclaimed for nature, providing a home to a host of species. In early May I was enticed along to a Nottinghamshire variant on the theme: Attenborough Nature Reserve, which used to be gravel pits for nearly forty years from the late 1920s, and now covers a substantial part of 560 acres of a SSSI.

I chose to come down for a wander having enjoyed a similar Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust event at the other end of the county, at Idle Valley Nature Reserve near Retford. Idle Valley Nature Reserve is a 790 acre SSSI, which counts beavers amongst its residents.

Like Attenborough, it had a previous existence as gravel pits. Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust manage around 41 sites. Its origins, similarly to the Aire Rivers Trust, date back to a public meeting in 1962. Attenborough became its first site in 1966 following public objection to the infilling of its lakes.

I had glimpsed the reserve from the train the previous evening, huge expanses of water tracing the space between the trainline and the river. The plan was to take a leisurely stroll from my hotel in Beeston along the couple of miles through the reserve to the meeting point, but I ended up having to walk briskly, passing a range of friendly faces out for a stroll, kitted out with binoculars, or cycling to work. I can’t imagine a more beautiful commute than these wooded areas surrounding calm lakes, framed by the river. The apparent absence of Himalayan balsam, despite the location, was impressive, as was the presence of fistfuls of small fish visible by a small weir.

I was grateful to discover on arrival at the beautifully-designed visitor centre that the planned route was fairly short. Joining the talk today was walk leader Lynn, volunteer Juliet, who has volunteered with the Trust for five years, regular attendee Julie, and not forgetting Ambassadog Timmy. Lynn has bright eyes and a lively manner, and gets a bit of stage fright when she hears I’ve travelled from West Yorkshire specifically for the event.

Timmy is sociable and very well-behaved, as befits his role. He is tasked with modelling good behaviour around the site, such as always being on the lead (vital for ground-nesting birds) and having his leavings properly disposed of. Owner Lynn, in addition to accompanying Timmy on his explorations, can also hand out puppy treat vouchers to responsible dog owners to redeem in the café.

Our walk begins in the car park, with trees I had recently marched past at speed. Although the walk was advertised as, ‘Nature Spotting: Buds, leaves and blossoms,’ most of the talk focuses on the leaves and blossom as buds are few and far between. We find a yellow-blossomed laburnum, which is beautiful, though a little out of place in a nature reserve, nestling alongside some hawthorn and blackthorn, the blossoms on the latter already withered. In this stretch there are willows of various types and a mix of wild flowers which Lynn ably identifies. Over the other side of the car park is an apple or crab apple of doubtful provenance with lovely blossom. 

We stop to take in sycamore blossom before taking a path towards Attenborough village, passing cherry trees and a beautiful oak, to which all of the walk participants feel a connection.

As we near the village, we spot some mallards below a fence, on which is perching a grey goose, who looks a little fretful. When we return ten minutes later, having reached the reserve boundary, the goose is still there, looking quite like he was keeping an eye out for something.

Throughout the walk various apps are used as an adjunct to participants’ IDs, or to provide more information. I’m not above using an ID app, but for me and the amount of working brain I have, whether the apps are providing a label or reinforcing an ID I’ve already made, I don’t feel they help with my long-term memory. 

Returning to the centre, Lynn kindly invites me to return for future walks. I also have an excellent coffee with Juliet on the platform behind the centre looking at the lake. We discuss bird and plant ID, languages, literature and other such topics. Eventually Juliet has to return to work, leaving me to explore the wildlife garden, which is well used, with a picnic table of women enjoying a coffee and young children peering at the pond. After some mild confusion I find the sand piper viewing area and stand mesmerised as they dive in and out of their carefully located tunnels. Clearly, family business every bit as lively as the families enjoying the wildlife garden is in progress.

I retrace my steps through to Attenborough village, finding the tiny train station that reminds me of the atmosphere of Edward Thomas’s Adlestrop, finding itself accidentally in use. I’m now on two for two with Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust events being an excellent choice. I would recommend to anyone to attend a tree and plant ID walk. There’s always more to learn, and if you already know everything you can have the satisfaction of deepening someone else’s connection to nature. Somebody else always has a different knowledge or connection to the same plant, even down to different local names. Seeing, smelling and touching beautiful spring blossom can bring you into a closer connection with yourself and others.

Understanding blossom is part of understanding the life cycle of hedgerows, which are vital to the work of the Aire Rivers Trust. Different guided walks can be followed at Attenborough Nature Reserve on the last Wednesday morning of every month, with details found on Eventbrite.  

or… How to Take The Next Step Beyond Sticking Up A Wildflower Planting Area Placard

In her last blog, Lucy Johnson interviewed our former Project Officer Gareth Muir. This time she follows him to his new role as Local Environment and Allotments Officer at Hebden Royd Town Council.

If you want to manage a meadow, should you happen to have one lying around, ungulates (hooved animals) can be a great choice. Switching roles last summer from Aire Rivers Trust Project Officer to Local Environment and Allotments Officer at Hebden Royd Town Council, Gareth Muir seems delighted to have sheep to help him reduce coarse plants in High Hirst Meadow. Their dung will help fertilise the soil, and knocking back coarse plants will encourage native wildflowers. This will also protect the presence of the type of fungi you might not be able to immediately identify, but which could potentially lead to Site of Special Scientific Interest status (SSSI). The specific fungi identified here are still awaiting an official moniker. The site is also significant for the rare grassland preserved here due to local conditions.

The sheep are stocky, with handsome white faces, and are a fairly local conservation breed, Whitefaced Woodland sheep. Both rams and ewes typically have horns. There is mild scepticism over the parentage of next year’s lambs, but it doesn’t sound like Gareth is going in for full-scale sheep farming, although I’m sure he’d relish the challenge. The sheep show mild interest in us as we arrive, hopeful of a few sheep nuts, but soon settle back to their allotted task.

Gareth keeps an eye on them to see if they’re showing any interesting social behaviour, or are opportunistically nibbling away at any other plants, such as the Guelder Rose they’ve recently been spotted snacking on. 

I’m aware that the majority of this blog’s readership will know far more about sheep than I do (not difficult), so please do forgive me the following few lines of flights of fancy. Skip ahead if like me you find anthropomorphising irritating. These sheep have an “aire” of knowing what’s what. They look at us calmly and confidently, and stand their ground. Maybe they started off like that, or maybe Gareth has influenced them in becoming more savvy. 

The meadow lies on the east side of Hebden Bridge, reached by a ginnel from the town centre. I would dearly like to insert a scenic, rural description of the route here, emphasising the quaintness and suchlike. However, on arrival at the Town Hall in the centre of Hebden Bridge, Gareth took in the state of me and the size of my backpack and offered to drive up. I accepted with alacrity, having already been on several forms of transport and walked four miles to have a quick gander at the nearby Hardcastle Crags prior to our 11am start. A gentle four mile walk, true, but I’m not sure I believe in pre-midday exertion without just cause. The permissive footpath through the site is temporarily closed for the crack team of nibblers to enjoy their canapés undisturbed. However, the path has been recently improved for walkers with the addition of some subtle steps over part of the slope, which still preserve the integrity of the landscape. The sheep are expected to visit for around 6-8 weeks yearly, although they arrived late in 2025 due to paperwork. 

There is a lot of hard work to be done on this relatively small site, which has been in development as an environmental project by Hebden Royd Town Council since March 2019 as a response to climate conditions. Although traditionally these area has dry stone walls, there is a deer-reduced hedgerow in one section, and also a lower boundary hedge to be partly grubbed up. Not the usual option, but when the hedgerow has been thickly planted with blackthorn, there aren’t many ways of avoiding the thickets arising from the blackthorn’s root suckers interaction with the clay below the top soil, which prevents tap roots forming.

Characteristically, Gareth utilised the growing community fruit orchard to test my tree ID skills. Said skills haven’t exactly plateaued since Gareth left, but my repertoire never included fruit trees in the first place. It seems unlikely that it will in the future either, after being shown two pear trees, which had completely different buds. I remain in the dark about what another tree was, presumably because even my incorrect guesses were too wide of the mark for Gareth to have anything to work with.

There is a slight sense in the air that the sheep, if left to themselves could manage Gareth’s new contraption, made by ecologist Steve Hindle, a Calderdale expert on fungi and plants. Affectionately known as the Peachy Press, this device reduces some of the labour in the labour intensive process of making hay. The scythed and dried hay is gathered and placed in the box, with twine looped through at the bottom, then the handle presses it all down. Most of the hay goes to a local animal sanctuary, although some is also available to buy for pets. 

The plans for this device are a closely guarded secret (read: it didn’t occur to me to ask about them at the time), and the manufacturing run has heretofore been limited. Not owning a hay baler myself, I can’t be too sure on this, but it seemed to be not that space-consuming, despite its height, as you could easily stash other items in it out of season.  

Post a wedge of apricot and cardamom cake each, Gareth was back to the office, and I was back to the train station. If you would like to keep your hand in with scything over summer 2026, Gareth is keen to have scything volunteers to attend this site. Drop an email to Gareth at gareth.muir@hebdenroydtowncouncil.gov.uk if you are interested.

https://www.jokennedysound.com/naturetripping/nature-tripping-episode-28-grassland-fungi Listen to Steve Hindle on fungi

https://hebdenroydtowncouncil.gov.uk/your-community/climate-emergency-biodiversity/high-hirst-woodmeadow/ More information on the meadow

https://whitefacedwoodland.co.uk/ More on Whitefaced woodland sheep

https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/yorkshire/hardcastle-crags/the-grassland-fungi-project-at-hardcastle-crags More information on Hardcastle Crags

With the recent release of the Environment Agency’s regular report on Enforcement Undertakings that they have accepted, there has been a lot of media coverage of the topic. So we wanted to explain more about them and make our own position clear.

An Enforcement Undertaking (EU) is a legally binding voluntary agreement that may be offered to the Environment Agency when a business or organisation has breached environmental regulations.

The full detail of their approach is set out in their Enforcement and Sanctions Policy, but in general an Enforcement Undertaking is more likely to be used in the case of less serious incidents, incidents that are not recurring, where offers are made early and proactively, and where there is a high level of confidence that the offer will be complied with and polluters will take action to prevent recurrence.

Rather than pursuing a court prosecution, the Environment Agency can accept an Enforcement Undertaking where the offender agrees to take meaningful action to address the harm caused and prevent it from happening again. This can include funding environmental improvements, restoring damaged habitats, and changing working practices.

If an Enforcement Undertaking is accepted, the agreed actions must be completed in full. If they are not, the regulator may still pursue prosecution.

The ‘polluter pays’ principle

Enforcement Undertakings reflect the polluter pays principle — meaning the person or organisation responsible for pollution is responsible for funding the clean‑up and restoration of the damage they have caused.

By offering an Enforcement Undertaking, the offender is proactively taking responsibility for their actions, without the need for potentially lengthy and costly investigations and court proceedings. This helps secure positive environmental outcomes more quickly, while also reducing the burden on public finances.

How Enforcement Undertakings work for rivers

For incidents affecting rivers and waterways, it is the Environment Agency that decides whether an Enforcement Undertaking can be accepted.

Where approved, the offender must make a donation to an organisation — such as the Aire Rivers Trust — to deliver improvements either:

• at or near the site of the incident, or
• elsewhere within the same river catchment, where projects can best repair or offset the damage caused.

Crucially, this approach ensures funding is retained locally, allowing real environmental improvements to take place in the communities and waterways affected.

How we can help

The Aire Rivers Trust, as host of the Aire Catchment Partnership, is well placed to support the delivery of Enforcement Undertakings across the catchment.

We can:

• design and deliver river restoration and remediation projects
• carry out habitat improvements and pollution recovery works
• advise on appropriate environmental projects that address both the cause and impact of an offence
• ensure funding delivers lasting benefits for rivers, wildlife, and local communities

Our work aligns closely with our ongoing river protection activities, helping to restore damaged environments and reduce the risk of future pollution incidents.

Past and current Enforcement Undertakings

Below is a summary of recent and current donations we have received through enforcement undertakings:

£300,000 in 2025/26 financial year from Yorkshire Water because of an incident on Wyke Beck in the Lower Aire. We are working with partners to increase our knowledge and understanding of Wyke Beck so we can then deliver capital projects to enhance the river and nearby habitats and work with local communities.

In previous years we have received £75,000 from Barratt Homes because of an incident on Fagley Beck. This money is currently being spent as part of our broader Roots in the River project which is connecting local people to their river and undertaking habitat and access improvements.

£40,000 Persimmon and £40,000 From Timothy Taylor for incidents on the River Worth. This money was used to support our work with partners, develop a River Worth Restoration Plan, monitor fish populations, improve public access including interpretation panels and signposted trails. We obtained additional funding to support this work from the KeighleyTowns Fund and Big Local.

£105,000 from Keepmoat Homes because of an incident in Pitty Beck. This funded continual investigation into water quality in the Bradford Beck system and linked with other projects including the use of AI to identify pollution. Working with partners we have addressed some of the causes of pollution in Bradford Beck.

Act quickly if an incident has occurred

If you are responsible for an environmental offence or pollution incident, it is essential to act quickly:

• stop the activity causing harm
• minimise further damage
• report the incident immediately to the Environment Agency

Prompt action can reduce environmental impact and may lower the risk of prosecution, reputational damage, legal costs, fines, and impacts on insurance or future business operations.

Members of the public can report incidents directly to the Environment Agency by ringing 0800 80 70 60 or using the form below on the internet:

https://report-an-environmental-problem.service.gov.uk/water-pollution/water-feature

Get in touch

If you would like to learn more about Enforcement Undertakings, discuss potential projects, or explore how the Aire Rivers Trust can help deliver environmental improvements, please contact us at contact@aireriverstrust.org.uk

We continue our series of interviews by Lucy Johnson, in which she interviews some of the key players in the development past, present and future, of The Aire Rivers Trust. We thank her for her commitment and expertise in putting these pieces together.

This month she interviews Roger Parkinson in preparation for National Tree week (22-30 November 2025)

At the beginning of August I sat down with Roger Parkinson, who has a wealth of experience volunteering with nature-related charities, in particular focusing on trees. Roger currently leads local education sessions for the Woodland Trust and has previously worked with the RSPB locally, in addition to undertaking many projects in his local area.

We spoke about how trees can form part of shaping different landscapes across the country, and Roger commented that although sycamore may not be the right tree for every situation, when millions of trees can be lost to a single storm, it has a part to play in recovering tree numbers. The Wakefield district in the 1980s had under 4% of tree cover, which is now a healthier 14%. Sycamore is playing its part in that and in taking carbon from the atmosphere, although it wouldn’t be selected for planting.

Aside from his interest in nature, Roger also enjoys motorbikes, having been a motorcyclist for over half a century. However it is trees which have formed the spine of his volunteering commitments. “I’m still fascinated by it,” he commented. He hopes to pass this on to local children, “How does a tree know to wrap its seed in a fruit, that a creature which it can’t see is going to come and collect it, then eat the fruit and then drop the seed somewhere else?”

Roger began planting acorns and growing whips 37 years ago, to show to his son how they grew. Combined with living near many former industrial sites near Wakefield, which had been used as landfills and capped off, with the support of the council, the family began efforts to improve the regeneration of these areas. Over a period of years, Roger built up relationships with Wakefield Council’s tree officers, who were tasked with managing the countryside sites as well as forestry tasks.

This led over time to the creation of the arboretum at Newmillerdam, a beautiful site which is free to visit year round. The group was initially refused National Lottery funding, which Roger sees as potentially a blessing, as it led to them exploring alternate angles to fund their diverse collection of trees. Some are planted as memorial trees, whilst others are funded by members of the public who enjoy the area and want to make a donation towards the paths or bird boxes, for example. The trees within the arboretum all have individual signs detailing their species, meaning that people can visit and choose species for their own gardens, causing an increase in visitor numbers. 

In planting on disused industrials sites, trees planted in Roger’s son’s boyhood now tower over the landscape. Roger also used his industry expertise to suggest using trees to reduce the effects of rain that was soaking through household waste and emerging as polluted water. Roger terms this as, “using trees as a piece of civil engineering,” and also evidences his belief in improving areas that others might be quick to write off. Around 13,000 trees were planted there, some by local primary school children, to slow the run-off. The trees are unlikely to grow to their full potential, but they will adapt to the site and do the best they can. Tolerant native species such as oaks and hawthorn were specially selected for this site. Kestrels and kingfishers have also returned to some sites.

Each small success buoys Roger on: “that’s what motivates me because I can see that we can make a difference, you know, we can change things in a positive way.” Part of that is making himself available to advise on hedgerows or orchards, for example, in addition to providing support on where to buy trees and how to get permissions. Roger firmly believes in selecting the right tree for the right places, and that all trees bring benefits for people and wildlife whether native or non-native. One of Roger’s projects is to give away thousands of trees each winter, funded through various sources. This is usually timed for the Tree Council’s National Tree Week in November.

In his family life, recycling and care of the environment has always been a priority for Roger, from the early eighties onwards. He encouraged his young son when he showed an interest in acorns, making makeshift planting containers to show his son the process of growing. The result of this early exposure was that his son studied for a degree in ecology and now manages woodland restoration for the Scottish Forestry.

After winding up his career in civil engineering, Roger travelled around the world with his family, then began working with the RSPB on nature reserves, primarily with education. He was enthusiastic about the return of the St Aiden’s site to nature, praising its transformation into the home of bitterns, amongst other wildlife.

Roger commented that Fairburn Ings, having once been the largest spoil heap in Europe, used to be “a grey scar on the landscape.” Having seen its transformation over the course of his lifetime, he said, “that gives me hope that we can change things.” He identifies networking as a key source of change, “working with lots of different bodies, government bodies, groups, organisations, whether they be charities or community groups.”

Sixteen years ago, Roger saw an advertisement for volunteering for the Woodland Trust as a volunteer speaker, which he was already doing at Fairburn Ings. He quickly adapted the provided off-the-peg talk to his audiences, to better convey what was happening at locations relevant to them. He wanted also to make audiences aware of the positive initiatives in their local area and ways that people could get involved. This often also led to groups organising walks at the locations mentioned.

For Roger, volunteering is a force for good, allowing people to contribute in positive ways. “I’m a great believer that we all must have a purpose in what we do in our lives.” In Roger’s opinion, lack of purpose can exacerbate depression and other issues. He credits the Rivers Trust movement and other charities with giving many people the opportunity to improve their own circumstances.

Threaded through Roger’s tree projects has been a commitment to the use of trees not only as enhancing natural spaces but to achieve civil engineering goals. He sees trees as being of vital importance in creating corridors to connect nature, whether by rivers, canals or even highways. Even as areas are regenerated and rebuilt, trees can be included to help with infrastructure and increasing the area covered by trees. Alongside that it is vital to ensure that people are aware of the benefits of trees, such as keeping temperatures cool, and not merely the minor inconveniences of maintaining them.

Although not formally trained in civil engineering, Roger ended up working with civil engineers by happenstance doing a variety of tasks, experience he has clearly used to great effect. Part of his former company’s philosophy was to use environmental managers to improve areas when jobs were complete. As the company worked on a variety of sites for a variety of stakeholders, this gave Roger valuable insight into designing and managing sites.

Roger has seen approximately a ten-fold increase in demand for his Woodland Trust tree talks following COVID. He attributes this to an increase in people discovering firsthand the benefits of time in natural spaces. Within this he sees an opportunity to educate people and give them a tangible way to contribute to improve their local spaces, which may otherwise not be available to them.

Roger doesn’t have a favourite woodland per se, but imaginatively, he sees older woodlands as a form of time travel. He commented that further south, “You can be walking through a woodland and you’ll come across an old tree that might have been there hundreds of years. When I look at a tree like that you think, my God, if that tree could talk, the things it’s seen walking down this path. That tree’s had a life and there’s a story to tell. It’s still alive, it’s hanging on, it’s hollow now, because that’s part of its cycle. What a characterful thing, to see that.”

Roger did have an answer for my pet question about folklore. He chose the Green Man, seeing him as a representation of humans’ connection with nature. We went on to talk about my new habit of assigning trees a gender, and Roger was open in embracing all ways of relating to trees and nature, commenting, “Just enjoy the space and for whatever reason you’re there, just absorb your surroundings.”